![]() ![]() Physical activity during and after cancer treatment for localized cancer has been shown to increase lean body mass. The balance between reducing the risk of toxicity inherent to treatments and maintaining the efficacy of anticancer drugs raises the need to prevent sarcopenia by enhancing body composition. Because chemotherapy doses are determined from total body surface area, patients with lower muscle mass for a given total body surface area may receive an excessive dose of chemotherapy and are more likely than their counterparts to develop toxicities. ![]() Several of these studies have demonstrated that the decrease in muscle mass was associated with an interruption of chemotherapy or a reduction in dose. Moreover, the literature has suggested associations between body composition and risk of treatment toxicities according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE Version 5.0) at early stages of cancer, in advanced cancer and specifically in breast cancer. One study found that low muscle radiodensity which is a measure of muscle quality indicative of adipose tissue deposition into muscle fibers and reduced function, increased risk of death. In parallel, low muscle quality often reflects extensive lipid infiltration. In patients with advanced breast cancer, low muscle strength and sarcopenia have been associated with tumour progression and mortality. A study of 166 women with metastatic breast cancer showed a prevalence of sarcopenia of 67% while another study of 40 patients showed a lower prevalence of 58%. Sarcopenia affects approximately 11% to 74% of cancer patients, depending on the site and severity of the tumours. Sarcopenia is a key issue in cancer patients and has been identified as an important prognostic factor for patients with cancer. Sarcopenia is characterised by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and in physical performance Sarcopenia is primarily associated with aging and is secondarily related with other chronic diseases. However, patients suffer from many detrimental symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, toxicities related to treatments and decrease in physical functioning related to treatment and metastasis. Metastatic breast cancer is considered incurable, and treatments are proposed to improve quality of life and overall survival. The recent therapeutic advances have resulted in improvements in median survival which currently ranges from 2 to 3 years with a 5-year survival of ~ 25% in developed countries. Sarcopenia can alter many parameters and disturb the pro and antioxidant balance.Ībout 5% of breast cancers are metastatic at diagnosis and 20–30% of localized breast cancer become secondarily metastatic. This study suggests potential benefits of physical activity for maintenance of muscle mass. Computerized tomography images at the third lumbar vertebra were analysed at baseline, three months and six months to assess sarcopenia (muscle mass index 2) ( p = 0.02). Women newly diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer ( N = 49) participated in an unsupervised, personalized, 6-month physical activity intervention with activity tracker. This study aimed at exploring the potential associations between a 6-month physical activity intervention and muscle characteristics, sarcopenia, oxidative stress and toxicities in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Sarcopenia has been identified as an important prognostic factor for patients with cancer.
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